PEDIATRICS 1 A 5yr old boy is admitted with fever, cough and edema. He had oen episode of edema earlier also and was on some medication. What is the probable diagnosis? What investigations will you order? What treatment will you give? What are the likely complications? JUN-2005 2 A 5•year old child is brought with bleeding gums. She also has irregular fever, tiredness and body pain for the last 3 months. What is the probable diagnosis? What physical examination findings will you look for? What investigations will you order? What are the differential diagnosis ? DEC-2004 3 Anterior Fontanelle FEB-2001 4 Juvenile Delinquency JUN-2006 5 Kernig Sign FEB-2002 6 Clinical features of Kernicterus FEB-2002 7 Danger Sings in the New born FEB-2002 8 NORMAL GROWTH 9 Define Growth net increase in size or mass of tissues 1 10 Define Development maturation of functions 1 11 Factors affecting Growth and Development MAY-2002 JUL-2008 12 Laws of Growth 3 13 Perinatal Period 22wks to 7 days after birth 3 14 Toddlers 1-3 yrs 3 15 Primary Dentition 4 JUN-2006 MAR-2003 16 Lean Body Mass fat free components like muscle tissue, internal organs and skeleton 4 17 Head Circumference ▪ occipital protuberance to supra-orbital ridges ▪ crossed tape method 5 AUG-2002 FEB-2002 18 Midarm Circumference midway between tip of acromion process of scapula to olecranon of ulna 5 64 AUG-2001 19 Z Score 20 DISORDERS OF GROWTH 21 SHORT STATURE 22 Define Short Stature ht below 3rd centile or more than 2 SD below the median height for that age and sex according to the population standard 17 23 Causes of Short Stature ▪ undernutrition ▪ chronic systemic illness ▪ GH deficiency ▪ Hypothyroidism… 18 FEB-2008 24 MPH Mid-Parental Height 18 25 SMR Sexual maturity rating 18 26 Management of Short Stature ▪ counseling ▪ dietary advice ▪ ℞ renal tubular acidosis/celiac disease ▪ limb lengthening procedures ▪ levethyroxine in hypothyroidism ▪ subcut GH in GHDeficiency 27 Define Failure to Thrive (FTT) physical growth is significantly less than theit peers of same age and sex infants and children upto 5 yrs 21 DEC-2005 28 A 1 ½ year old child is brought with failure to thrive, difficulty in breast feeding and recurrent respiratory infections.O/E there is a pansystolic murmer in the lower left sternal border. What is the probable diagnosis? How will you investigate the child? How will you treat this child? What are the complications of this condition? FEB-2008 29 NORMAL DEVELOPMENT 30 Define Development maturation of functions 1 31 Developmental Milestones of a 4 month old baby GROSS MOTOR ▪ neck holding – 3 months FINE MOTOR ▪ reaching out for abjects with both hands (bidectrous reach) – 4 months SOCIAL ▪ social smile – 2 months ▪ recognizes mother – 3 months LANGUAGE ▪ alerts to sound – 1 month ▪ coos – 3 months JUN-2005 32 Developmental Milestones of 7 month old infant GROSS MOTOR ▪ neck holding – 3 months ▪ sitting with support – 6 months FINE MOTOR ▪ reaching out for abjects with both hands (bidectrous reach) – 4 months ▪ unidextrous reach – 6 months SOCIAL ▪ social smile – 2 months ▪ recognizes mother – 3 months LANGUAGE ▪ alerts to sound – 1 month ▪ coos – 3 months 27 28 33 Developmental Milestones of 10 month old baby JUN-2006 34 Developmental Milestones of 1 year old 27 28 DEC-2004 35 Developmental Milestones of 2 year old 27 28 DEC-2005 36 Developmental Milestones of 3 year old 27 28 37 Pincer Grasp 28 AUG-2002 38 Four Causes of Global Developmental Delay 31 JUL-2007 39 Developmental Quotient 32 40 DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 41 Enuresus ▪ urinary incontinence ▪ after 4yr daytime ▪ after 6yr nighttime ▪ after 3 months of dryness ▪ wetting twice a wk for 3 consecutive months ▪ Normal Bladder Control – 5yr CLASSIFICATION ▪ Primary ▪ Secondary ▪ Nocturnal ▪ Diurnal 35 DEC-2004 42 Breath Holding Spells ▪ anger crying apnoea & cyanosis ▪ highly pampered children ▪ ℞ - Iron Supplementation, 3mg/kg/day 37 AUG-2002 DEC-2005 43 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 38 JUN-2005 44 Dyslexia ▪ poor word decoding abilty ETIOLOGY ▪ genetic – 50% MANAGEMENT ▪ remediation approach ▪ taught in small groups 39 45 Stuttering Spasmodic repetition of some syllables with pauses MANAGEMENT ▪ reassure that it resolves on its own,if 2-5yr ▪ speech therapist 39 46 Autism ▪ commonest of PDD’s ▪ impairment in verbal and non-verbal communication ▪ imaginative activity ▪ social interactions ETIOLOGY ▪ genetic CLINICAL FEATURES ▪ poor eye contact ▪ delayed speech ▪ stereotypical body movements ▪ seizures DIAGNOSIS ▪ by 18 months MANAGEMENT ▪ intensive behavioral therapy 40 DEC-2005 47 Munchausen Syndrome 40 48 ADOLESCENT HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT 49 ▪ Adolescent – 10 – 19 yr ▪ Youth – 15 – 24 yr 50 AFHS 46 51 Complications of Prematurity JUL-2007 FEB-2001 52 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCES 53 Hyperkalemia CAUSES ▪ renal failure… MANAGEMENT ▪ moderate – glucose-insulin infusion ▪ severe – calcium gluconate i.v 53 JUL-2007 54 NUTRITION 55 Essential Amino Acids ▪ LILMPTTV ▪ Histidine and Arginine are essential during infancy. 57 56 Reference Proteins 57 57 Biological Value of Proteins 57 DEC-2004 58 Digestibility Quotient of Proteins 57 JUN-2005 59 Net Protein Utilisation (NPU) 57 JUN-2006 60 Chemical Score of Protein ? DEC-2005 61 Complimentary action of Protein 62 PUFA 63 Phrynoderma ? 64 Omega 3 Fatty Acids 59 65 Dietary Fibre 60 66 Balanced Diet 60 DEC-2005 67 IAP Grading of Nutritional status in <5yr 68 Difference between Stunting and Wasting 62 69 Wellcome classification in PEM 70 WHO Classification of Malnutrition ▪ wt, ht & edema ▪ moderate - -2 to -3 ▪ severe - < -3 63 71 IAP Classification of Malnutrition ▪ 50th percentile of Harvard standards ▪ weight for age 63 FEB-2008 72 Grading of Marasmus 73 Constant features of Kwashiorkar 67 MAR-2003 MAY-2002 FEB-2001 74 SEVERE MALNUTRITION 75 Complications of Severe Malnutrition 68 JUL-2007 76 National Nutritional Policy ▪ ICDS anganwadi six services ▪ Mid-day Meals Prog ▪ National Nutritional Anemia Control Prog 77 Weaning AUG-2001 78 Weaning food in PEM 79 MICRONUTRIENTS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 80 Antioxidants 78 DEC-2004 AUG-2002 81 Sources of Vitamin A Shark & Cod Liver Oil, Carrots, Dark green leafy vegetables, squash, oranges, tomatoes. 79 82 Functions of Vitamin A ▪ Vision ▪ Maintainence of epithelial tissues 79 83 WHO Classification of Xerophthalmia 79 JUN-2006 84 Draw & Label : Bitot’s Spots - MAR-2003 85 Koplik’s Spots - FEB-2002 86 Hypervitaminosis A ▪ > 50,000 IU/day ▪ fatigue, malaise, anorexia, vomiting, headache and diplopia 79 87 Carotenemia 80 88 Treatment of Vitamin A deficiency ▪ ORAL ▪ <6m – 50,000 IU ▪ 6-12m – 1 lakh ▪ >1yr – 2 lakh ▪ repeated next day and 4 wks later ▪ PARENTRAL ▪ <6m – 3/4th dose ▪ 6-12m – ½ dose 80 89 Vitamin A Prophylaxis ▪ less than 3 yrs only ▪ 9m – 1 lakh (with measles) ▪ 15m – 2 lakh (with DPT booster) 80 AUG-2002 90 Metabolism of Vitamin D 81 91 Draw & Label : Active Rickets 82 AUG-2002 92 Clinical features of Rickets 82 93 Rachitic Rosary 82 94 Radiological changes in Rickets 82 95 Treatment of Rickets ▪ oral, single dose, 6 lakh IU OR ▪ 60,000 IU for 10 days 400 IU / day 83 96 Causes of Rickets ▪ Familial Rickets ▪ Nutritinal Rickets ▪ Renal Tubular Acidosis ▪ Chronic Kidney Disease ▪ ONcogenous Rickets ▪ Metaphyseal Dysplasia ▪ Fluorosis 83 DEC-2005 97 Classification of Rickets ▪ Familial Rickets ▪ Nutritional Rickets 83 98 Vitamin D resistant Rickets 83 99 Role of Vitamin E ▪ co-factor in … glutamic acid glutamate 85 DEC-2004 100 Hemorrhagic disease of New Born ▪ GI bleeding in the 1st week ▪ seen in breast fed infants ▪ ℞ - 0.5 – 1.0 mg im at birth 1 mg every week 86 101 Beriberi ▪ def of Vitamin B1 ▪ cardiomegaly, cyanosis, dysnoea, aphonia ▪ three forms – dry, wet, acute ▪ breast fed infants of thiamine deficient mothers 87 102 Riboflavin Deficiency/Ariboflavinosis ▪ photophobia, glossitis, angular stomatitis, seborrhoec dermatitis, corneal vascularisation, cataracts 87 103 Pellagra ▪ 3 d’s ▪ Dermatitis, Diarhoea, Dementia ▪ ℞ - Oral ‘Nicotinamide’ 88 104 Infantile Scurvy/Barlow’s Disease 91 105 Scorbutic Rosary 91 106 Role of Zinc 92 DEC-2005 107 Role of Selenium ▪ constituent of glutathione peroxidase ▪ scavenges free radicals ▪ prevents cell damage by free radicals 93 JUN-2006 108 Keshan Disease ▪ cardiomyopathy in young children 109 Role of Iodine 93 JUN-2005 110 Iodine Deficiency Goitre 94 111 Cretinism 94 MAY-2002 112 NEWBORN INFANTS 113 LBW 114 VLBW 115 ELBW 116 Secondary Apnea 96 117 Neonatal Resuscitation ▪ Apgar ▪ TABC 96 118 Apgar Score ▪ Heart Rate ▪ Respiration ▪ Tone ▪ Reflex ▪ Color 97 107 MAR-2003 119 TABC of Resuscitation 98 MAR-2003 120 Five Cleans ▪ clean hands ▪ clean delivery surface ▪ clean cord cut ▪ clean cord tie ▪ clean cord stump 103 121 Omphalitis 105 122 Physiological Jaundice ▪ > 5mg/dl ▪ subsides within 7-10 days ▪ seen in 60% of newborn 105 147 JUL-2007 123 Ponderal Index 109 124 Craniotabes ▪ skull feels like a ping pong ball ▪ delayed ossification & resorption 112 125 Cephalhematoma 112 AUG-2002 JUL-2008 126 Developmental Dysplasia of Hip ▪ Barlow’s Test ▪ Ortolani’s Test 114 127 Warm Chain ▪ TEN steps 116 128 Advantages of Breast Feeding 122 JUL-2008 SEP-2000 129 Reflexes in Breast Feeding 124 130 Draw & Label : Oxytocin Reflex 124 JUL-2007 131 Nipple Confusion ▪ seen in bottle fed infants ▪ finds it difficult and confusing 125 132 Colostrum ▪ milk secreted in the initial 3-4 days Composition of Colostrum ▪ antibodies ▪ Vit ADEK 125 JUL-2007 FEB-2002 133 Problems of Pre-Term Babies 129 134 Problems of LBW Babies 129 135 Neonatal Sepsis 136 136 Respiratory Distress Syndrome 143 137 Meconium Aspiration Syndrome 144 100 138 A 15 days old baby is brought with yellowish discolouration of eyes and skin. Is it physiological or pathological? What are the probable causes? What investigations will you order? What history will you specifically ask for? JUN-2006 139 Prolonged Physiological Jaundice 147 140 Breast Milk Jaundice 147 141 Clinical Estimation of Jaundice 147 142 Causes of Jaundice in the new born 148 JUL-2008 143 Phototherapy 149 AUG-2002 MAY-2002 144 BFHI JUN-2005 145 Significance of Moro Reflex MAR-2003 FEB-2008 146 X-Ray findings in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 153 147 IMMUNITY AND IMMUNISATION 148 Vaccine Failure 164 149 Live Vaccines 165 150 Vaccine Storage 166 151 Cold Chain JUN-2005 152 National Immunisation Schedule 153 Vaccine preventable Diseases 154 Ring Immunisation 155 BCG Vaccine 166 156 Preservation of BCG Vaccine MAR-2003 157 OPV 167 MAR-2003 158 IPV 168 159 Vaccine Vial Monitor DEC-2004 160 Complications of DPT Vaccine 168 FEB-2008 JUL-2007 161 Contraindications of Pertusis Vaccine 169 162 Acellular Pertusis Vaccine 169 163 Measles Vaccine 171 JUL-2008 164 MMR Vaccine 171 SEP-2000 165 Congenital Rubella Syndrome JUL-2007 166 Hepatitis B Vaccine 171 167 Management of Dogbite on Face 172 JUL-2007 168 Typhoral Vaccine 174 169 HIB Vaccine 175 DEC-2005 170 INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS 171 Normal Body temperature in children 36.1 – 37.8 172 PUO 183 DEC-2004 173 Causes of PUO in Children 183 174 Measles 185 175 Complications of Measles 185 FEB-2008 AUG-2001 176 Atypical Measles - 177 Modfiied Measles - 178 Infectious Mononucleosis 187 179 Complications of Mumps 188 180 Poliomyelitis 188 181 What are the causes of Acute Flaccid paralysis in a five year old boy? Poliomyelitis Guillen Barre Syndrome Transverse Myelitis Traumatic Neuritis Meningitis / Encephalitis Describe the clinical features of poliomyelitis. Enumerate the likely complications. Write about the management of poliomyelitis and strategies adopted towards its eradication. 190 SEP-2000 182 Three Causes of AFP ▪ Poliomyelitis ▪ Guillen Barre Syndrome ▪ Transverse Myelitis ▪ Traumatic Neuritis ▪ Meningitis / Encephalitis 190 183 Define AFP ▪ sudden onset of weakness and floppiness in any part of the body in a child < 15yr OR ▪ paralysis in a person of any age in whom polio is suspected 191 JUN-2006 FEB-2002 184 Oral Polio Vaccine FEB-2001 185 Pulse Polio Immunisation 190 AUG-2001 186 AFP Surveillance ▪ notify AFP cases ▪ District Immunisation officer (DIO) investigates for 60 days ▪ Two stool samples to be collected 191 555 JUL-2008 187 Non-Polio AFP 191 188 Extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis B 189 Hepatitis C Virus 194 FEB-2002 190 Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever 196 JUN-2005 191 Draw & Label : Human Immunodeficiency Virus - DEC-2005 192 Diagnosis of HIV in Children ▪ HIV PCR ▪ HIV Culture 207 DEC-2004 193 AIDS Prophylaxis in Children ▪ Cotrimoxazole 194 Prevention of parent to child transmission of HIV ▪ MTCT 207 208 FEB-2008 195 Miliary Tuberculosis 210 196 Primary Complex 210 197 Mantoux Test 216 JUL-2008 198 Management of Tuberculosis 217 199 Rifampicin AUG-2002 200 Advere effects of Rifampicin 201 Adverse effects of INH 202 Complications of Diphtheria 220 MAY-2002 203 Clinical features of Enteric Fever 222 AUG-2002 204 Investigations in Enteric Fever JUL-2008 205 Complications of Enteric Fever 206 Draw & Label : Peripheral Smear showing falciparum JUN-2005 207 Treatment of P vivax Malaria 233 JUL-2008 208 Drug of choice in Cerebral Malaria 233 209 Draw & Label : Roundworm Ova FEB-2008 210 Draw & Label : Hookworm Ova JUL-2008 211 Treatment of Hookworm Infestation 246 MAR-2003 212 Draw & Label : Whipworm Ovum JUN-2006 213 Treatment of Scabies 214 DISEASES OF GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM AND LIVER 215 Inguinal Hernia in a Child 216 Vaccines to be given before Splenectomy 217 Two surgical causes for persistant vomiting in a 1yr old child 218 Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis 253 219 Common causes of constipation in an infant 255 JUL-2008 220 Define Acute Watery Diarrhoea ▪ passage of watery stools ▪ starts suddenly and persists for hours / days 260 221 A 9month old infant is brought with watery diarrhea and vomitting. On examination child is thirsty, irritable and oral mucous membrane dry. What is the diagnosis? What treatment will you advice? What are the criteria for discharge from hospital? What instructions will you give to the mother on discharge? AUG-2002 222 A 1yr old weighing 8kg presents to the hospital with a one day history of vomiting and watery diarrhea, following an URTI. On examinationhe was found to be moderately dehydrated. What are the signs of dehydration you are ikely to find in this child? What are the important investigations you order and what are the likely results? What organisms are likely the causative agents? MAY-2002 223 Define Dysentry 260 224 Persistent Diarrhoea ▪ 14 days or longer 260 225 Rotavirus 261 226 Treatment of Acute Bacillary Dysentry in a child 227 Key Signs of Dehydration 261 FEB-2002 228 Causes of Malnutrition in Diarrhea 261 229 Oral Rehydration Therapy 263 230 Composition of WHO ORS 263 MAY-2002 FEB-2008 231 Improved ORS 263 232 Management of Diarrhea 264 233 Treatment of Severe Dehydration 265 FEB-2008 234 Indications for Antibiotics in ADD 267 235 Four Clinical manoevers to diagnose Cholera 267 236 Seizures in Diarrhea 268 237 Lactose intolerance 273 JUN-2005 238 Milk protein intolerance 273 239 Four causes of Splenomegaly in children 279 JUL-2007 240 Fatty Liver in Children 281 241 Neonatal Hepatitis 281 242 Clinical signs of liver cell failure 286 JUL-2007 243 Management of Acute Fulminant Liver cell failure 287 FEB-2008 244 Hepatic Encephalopathy 288 DEC-2004 245 Portal Hypertension in Children 289 246 Causes of Liver Cirrhosis MAY-2002 247 HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS 248 A 4yr old girl is brought with purpura and gum bleeding. On examination there is no lymphadenopath, bone tenderness or hepatosplenomgaly. What is the clinical diagnosis? Mention three important 'investigations to confirm diagnosis? What are the differential diagnosis? What are the drugs used for treatment? FEB-2002 249 Draw & Label : Myeloblast 250 Draw & Label : Lymphoblast 251 Define Anemia in a 2yr old? What is Severe Anemia? 252 Lab findings of Iron Deficiency Anemia 300 JUN-2005 253 Treatment of Iron deficiency Anemia 301 FEB-2001 254 Iron requirement in Pediatric age Group 255 Iron rich foods 256 Causes of failure of Iron therapy in a child 257 Deferiprone 258 Types of Hemolytic Anemias 303 JUN-2006 259 Nutritional Anemia – Management and Prevention SEP-2000 260 Most common Thalassemia? Defect in common secondary immunodeficiencies in children? 261 Draw & Label : Peripheral Smear in beta thalassemia major 308 JUL-2008 262 Investigations in a child with recurrent bleeding 318 JUL-2007 263 Lab Diagnosis of ITP 320 AUG-2002 264 Drugs used in ITP with dosage 265 Clinical features of ALL MAY-2002 266 Bone Marrow Aspiration MAY-2002 267 Draw & Label : Target Cell AUG-2002 268 DISEASES OF EAR, NOSE AND THROAT 269 Management of Acute Epiglottitis FEB-2002 270 DISORDERS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 271 Draw & Label : Bronchial Breathing FEB-2002 272 Draw & Label : Vesicular Breathing 273 Respiratory Noises 346 274 Causes of Wheezing 347 275 Staphylococcal Pneumonia 353 276 Clinical Signs of Severe Pneumonia FEB-2002 277 Signs of very Severe Pneumonia 278 Oxygen therapy in Pneumonia 279 Indications of chest X Ray in Pneumonia 280 Treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumonia 352 DEC-2005 281 Define ARI 356 JUN-2005 282 ARI Control Programme 283 Management of a six month olf under ARI control programme SEP-2000 284 A 4 month old baby is brought with a history of cold. cough a nd difficulty in breathin g. On examination his respiratory rate is 66/min. He has inte'costal and subcostal recession. His chest looks prominent and hyper•resonant to percussion. Auscultation reveals a scattered rhonchi. What is the probable diagnosis? What is the organism which causes this condition? What are the differential diagnosis? What are the Chest X-ray findings in this child? How will you manage this child? JUL-2007 285 1 year old child is brought with pyoderma, fever and cough. On examination he is cyanosed, respiratory rate is 62/minute, grunting and chest retractions are present. What is the diagnosis? What treatment will you advise? What investigations will you order? What complication will you expect? What is the duration of antibiotic therapy? MAR-2003 286 Bronchiolitis 356 287 Two common complications of Bronchiolitis 288 Triggering Factors of Bronchial Asthma 358 289 Prophylaxis of Bronchial Asthma 290 Classification of Asthma Intermittent Mild Persistent Moderate Persistant Sever Persistant 363 291 Treatment of Acute Severe Asthma 366 JUL-2008 JUN-2006 292 Treatment of Status Asthmaticus Status asthmaticus is an acute exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments of bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Symptoms include chest tightness, rapidly progressive dyspnea (shortness of breath), dry cough, use of accessory muscles, labored breathing and extreme wheezing. It is a life-threatening episode of airway obstruction considered a medical emergency. Complications include cardiac and/or respiratory arrest. The lung failure means that oxygen can no longer be provided, carbon dioxide can no longer be eliminated, which leads to acidosis. It is characterized histologically by smooth muscle hypertrophy and basement membrane thickening. Interventions include initiating and maintaining IV access, bronchodilators as prescribed, telemetry monitoring in the PCU, usually arterial blood gas tests sometimes arterial lines are inserted and preparing for emergency intubation. Intravenous treatments such as Aminophylline, Theophylline and Salbutamol are typically given. Many patients eventually respond avoiding more aggressive measures. Status Asthmaticus does not respond adequately to nebulised treatment alone therefore the intravenous treatments such as those above sometimes in addition to Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate are also given. 366 MAY-2002 293 Salbutamol MAR-2003 294 Tachypnea 295 Genetic causes of Bronchiectasis 368 296 DISORDERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 297 Normal BP in a newborn? 298 Draw & Label : JVP 299 Causes of Collapsing Pulse JUL-2008 300 Draw & Label : Pansystolic Murmer FEB-2002 301 Causes of CCF 372 302 Treatment of CCF DEC-2005 FEB-2002 303 Classification of Congenital Heart Diseases 372 304 Common Congenital Heart Diseases AUG-2002 305 Features of CCF 375 306 Treatment of CCF 376 JUL-2007 307 Jones Criteria 380 AUG-2002 308 Rheumatic fever Prophylaxis 383 MAY-2002 309 Rheumatic MR 310 Treatment of Rheumatic Carditis DEC-2004 311 What is the Serum therapeutic level of Aspirin in RF? 312 Draw & Label : Mitral Regurgitation Murmer 384 DEC-2005 313 Carey Coomb Murmer 314 Infective Endocarditis – C/F 391 315 Prophylaxis in Infective Endocarditis 393 JUN-2006 316 Fetal Circulation 394 317 NADAS Criteria 399 318 ASD – Types 401 319 Complications of ASD MAR-2003 320 Draw & Label : Development of Interatrial Septum MAY-2002 321 Draw & Label : ASD Murmer 402 DEC-2004 322 VSD – Types 403 323 Draw & Label : VSD Murmer 404 JUN-2005 324 VSD – Small v/s Large 403 325 Complications of VSD 403 326 Draw & Label : PDA Murmer 405 JUN-2006 327 Diagnostic features of PDA 405 FEB-2002 328 Components of TOF 408 AUG-2002 329 Complications of TOF 408 FEB-2001 330 Management of TOF 408 331 Chest X Ray in TOF 408 332 Fallots Physioogy 412 333 Cyanotic Spells FEB-2008 334 Treatment of Hyper Cyanotic Spells 415 JUN-2005 MAR-2003 335 Causes of Hypertension In children 431 336 Draw & Label : Murmer of AR MAR-2003 337 Hills Sign in aortic insufficiency, greater systolic blood pressure in the legs than in the arms; normal arterial systolic pressure in the leg is 10–20 mm of Hg above that in the arm, whereas in aortic insufficiency the difference may be 60–100 mm of Hg. Syn: Hill phenomenon. MAR-2003 338 DISORDERS OF KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT 339 Draw and Label : Nephron 440 MAY-2002 340 Heat and Acetic Acid Test 443 341 Significant Bacteruria 443 342 Asymptomatic Bacteruria 443 343 Causes of Hematuria 445 344 IgA Nephropathy 446 345 Proteinuris Define Proteinuria 447 FEB-2002 346 Define Massive Proteinuria 447 347 Complications of AGN 447 348 Draw & Label : PS in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome 349 Draw & Label : Urinary findings in Acute Glomerulonephritis FEB-2008 350 Treatment of Acute Glomerulonephritis JUN-2006 351 Diagnostic criteria of Nephritic Syndrome AUG-2002 352 Management of Nephrotic Syndrome 450 353 Complications of Nephrotic Syndrome 450 354 UTI in Children JUN-2006 355 Management of UTI 456 356 Vesicourethral Reflex 457 357 Posterior Urethral Valves MAY-2002 358 ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS 359 Clinical features of Congenital Hypothyroidism 481 FEB-2008 360 Common causes of Acquired Hypothyroidism 361 Drug therapy in Hyperthyroidism MAR-2003 362 Panhypopituitarism 363 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 364 Management of Status Epilepticus ina 2yr old child 365 Causes of Convulsions in Children 523 DEC-2004 FEB-2008 366 Febrile Convulsions 528 JUL-2008 SEP-2000 367 A 6 month old baby is brought with history of fever of 2 days duration, refused to feed, extreme irritability and convulsions. What is the probable diagnosis? Name one important clinical sign you will elicit for diagnosis? How will you investigate? Name two complications? How will you prevent this condition? JUL-2008 368 Petit Mal Seizures 530 MAY-2002 369 Treatment of Neonatal Seizures 531 DEC-2004 370 Infantile Myoclonic Seizures 531 JUL-2007 371 Organisms causing Pyogenic Meningitis 536 372 Complications of Pyogenic Meningitis 536 373 Management of Bacterial Meningitis in a 1yr old 536 374 Organisms causing Acute Bacterial Meningitis in a 18 month old baby FEB-2008 375 CSF findings in Normal child SEP-2000 376 CSF findings in Pyogenic Meningitis 539 SEP-2000 377 CSF findings in TB Meningitis SEP-2000 378 CSF findings in Viral Meningitis 379 Clinical features of TB Meningitis 539 380 CSF findings in TB Meningitis 540 MAR-2003 381 Bilirubin Encephalopathy 542 JUN-2006 382 Reye’s Syndrome 543 383 Hydrocephalous - Types 384 Guillain Barre Syndrome 554 385 Define Acute Flaccid Paralysis 555 386 Causes of Acute Flaccid Paralysis 555 387 DD of AFP 556 DEC-2004 388 Define Cerebral Palsy 389 Cerebral Palsy – Types 559 390 Neurocutaneous Markers 564 391 Autism 392 Myelodysplasia 393 Typical v/s Atypical seizures 394 NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS 395 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 566 396 DD of Floppy Infant 573 JUN-2005 397 CHILDHOOD MALIGNANCIES 398 Draw & Label : PS in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 580 JUL-2007 399 Classification of ALL 580 DEC-2005 400 RHEUMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS 401 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 599 402 A 5 year old child is brought with joint pain, abdominal pain, high coloured urine. She has sore throat 10 days back. OlE skin rash present in the lower limbs. What is the probable diagnosis? What investigations will you order? What treatment will you give? What are the differential diagnosis? DEC-2005 403 GENETIC DISORDERS 404 Kawasaki Disease 609 405 Behcet’s Disease 406 Clinical features of Down’s Syndrome 613 DEC-2005 407 Two chromosomal pattern seen in Down’s Syndrome 408 Kleinfelter’s Syndorme 615 409 Chromosomal anomaly in Turner Syndrome 616 AUG-2002 410 Features of Autosomal Dominant Inheritance 617 MAY-2002 411 Marfans Syndrome 412 Craniosynostosis 413 INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM 414 Phenylketonurias 628 415 Gauchers Disease 638 416 Wilsons Disease 640 417 Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency 640 418 EYE DISORDERS 419 SKIN DISORDERS 420 Causes of Purpura in Children JUN-2005 421 Treatment of Scabies 665 DEC-2005 422 POISONINGS, INJURIES AND ACCIDENTS 423 Keroscene Poisoning JUL-2008 424 PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE 425 COMMON MEDICAL PROCEDURES 426 Contraindications for Lumbar Puncture 717 520 JUL-2007 427 RATIONAL DRUG THERAPY 428 INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF NEONATAL AND CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES 429 Define Infant Mortality Rate 753 FEB-2008 430 RIGHTS OF CHILDREN 431 UNALLOCATED QUESTIONS 432 Age Independent Anthropometric Measurement JUN-2005 433 Draw & Label : LE Cell DEC-2004 434 Treatment of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcal Infection DEC-2004
